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The time is the physical quantity with which we measure the duration or separation of events subject to change, subject to observation systems, ie the period between the system status when it appeared a state X and the moment that X records a perceptible change for observer (or measuring apparatus). Is the magnitude that you can sort the events in sequence, establishing a past a this and future , and gives rise to the principle of causality , one of the axioms of the scientific method . The time has often been conceived as a future flow of atomized situations in reality.
Its basic unit International System is the second , symbol s (because it is a symbol and not an abbreviation, do not capitalize or a " sec ", and adding a later point.)



The physical concept of time

See also: Causality (physics) , twin paradox and space-time

Given two specific events E ₁ and E ₂ , occurring respectively at time instants t ₁ and t ₂ , and in different spatial points P 1 and P ₂ , all physical theories admit that they can play one and only one of three conditions:

1. may for an observer be present at the event E ₁ and then be at the event E 2, and in that case stated that E ₁ is a preceding event E 2. Also, if that happens, the observer can not verify 2.
2. is possible for an observer to be present at the event E ₂ and then be at the event E 1, and in that case stated that E ₁ event is a post- E 2. Also if that happens, the observer can not verify 1.
3. is impossible for an observer on time, be present simultaneously in the event E ₁ and E 2. . Since

any event, all events can be divided according to these three above categories. That is, all physical theories allow, set an event, to classify the events: (1) past (2) future (3) other events (or past or future). The classification of a present time is debatable due to the low durability of this interval can not be measured as a current state but as data obtained in a continuous succession of events. In classical mechanics the latter category consists of so-called simultaneous events, and relativistic mechanics, and the events are not causally related to the first event. However, classical mechanics and relativistic mechanics differ in the particular way that can be this division between past and future events and the fact that this character can be absolute or relative to the content of the joint.

time in classical mechanics

In classical mechanics, time is conceived as an absolute magnitude, ie a scalar whose measure is the same for all observers (a relative magnitude is one whose value depends on the particular observer.) This conception of time is called absolute time . This concept agrees with the philosophical conception of Kant , que establece el espacio y el tiempo como necesarios por cualquiera experiencia humana. Kant asimismo concluyó que el espacio y el tiempo eran conceptos subjetivos. Cada observador hará una división tripartita de los eventos clasificándolos en: (1) eventos pasados, (2) eventos futuros y (3) eventos ni pasados y ni futuros, la mecánica clásica y la física pre-relativista asumen:

1. Fijado un acontecimiento concreto todos los observadores sea cual sea su estado de movimiento dividirán el resto de eventos en los mismos tres conjuntos (1), (2) y (3), es decir, dos observadores diferentes coincidirán en qué eventos pertenecen the past, present and future, so the time in classical mechanics is described as "absolute" because it is a valid distinction for all observers (as in relativistic mechanics does not happen and the time is described as "relative") .
2. In classical mechanics, the last category, (3), consists of a set of three-dimensional points, which indeed has the structure of Euclidean space . Given two events are called simultaneous set the second one is an event of category (3).

Although within the special theory of relativity and within the general theory of relativity, the division Tripartite events is still valid, not checked the last two properties:

1. The set of events or past or future is not three dimensional
2. There is no notion of concurrency independently from the observer as in classical mechanics.

relativistic mechanics Weather

In relativistic mechanics measurement over time depends on the reference system where the observer is located and their state of motion, ie , different observers measure different times elapsed between two events causally connected. Therefore, the duration of a process depends on the reference system where the observer.
According to the theory of relativity , set two observers in different frames of reference, two events A and B in the category (3) (or past or future events) may be perceived by the two observers as simultaneous or may occur "before" B for the first observer while B occurs "before" A for the second observer. In these circumstances there is therefore no possibility of establishing an absolute notion of simultaneity independent observer. According to general relativity all of events within the category (3) is a subset dimensional topologically open of space-time. It is clear that this theory only seems to work with the rigid condition of two frames of reference only. When you add an additional framework, the theory of relativity is invalidated, the observer on earth to receive the observer B traveling at speed within a spacecraft orbiting the Earth at 7,000 kilometers per second. The observer B will notice that the time data that gives your watch has slowed and concludes that the time has stretched because of the speed of the ship. An observer C located outside the solar system, you will notice that both men on earth as an astronaut orbiting the earth, are traveling at the same time, the spacecraft and planet earth-a 28.000 kilometers per second around the sun. The more accurate conclusion about the behavior of the spacecraft clock, is that the clock is malfunctioning, because it was calibrated or tested for these new changes in their environment. This conclusion is supported for the fact that there is no evidence to show that the time is objective.
Only two events are causally tied all observers see the event "causal" before the event "effect" is ie, categories (1) of past events and (2) of future events are causally linked itself absolute. event set E the set of events of category (3) that are not future or past events or about E can be divided into three subsets:

(a) The topological interior of the whole is an open region of spacetime and is a joint Acronal . Within this region given any two events is impossible to connect to a light signal emitted from the first event to reach the second.

(b) The border of the future or part of the border topological group such that any point within it can be achieved by a light signal emitted from the event E .

(c) The last frontier or part of the topological boundary of the set, such that from any point within it can send a light signal reaches E event.

The curious causal theory of relativity, leading to the absence of a unique time for all observers, in fact any observer perceives the space-time or four-dimensional space according to their state of motion, direction parallel to its four-velocity coincide with the temporary address, and the events that occur in the spatial hypersurfaces perpendicular to the direction each time point, all events are simultaneous for the observer