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Aging


The aging or senescence is the set of morphological and physiological changes that occur as a consequence of the action of time on living , reflecting a reduced capacity of adaptation each of the bodies , devices and systems and capacity to respond to harmful agents ( insults) that affect the individual. The aging of our bodies and particularly the human species, has been a concern for years.
Our life expectancy has increased significantly in recent years and this has increased the problem of the effects of aging. With aging, begins a series of processes of gradual deterioration of organs and their associated roles. Many diseases, such as certain types of dementia, arthritis, rheumatism, heart disease and some cancers have been associated with the aging process. Therefore
research at the cellular level of this process has received special attention. One of the important findings is that normal cells are programmed to a certain number of divisional rounds. Each chromosome has at its ends a series of highly repetitive sequences and non-coding called telomeres . Due to the mechanism of DNA replication cells, telomeres are shortened with successive divisions. This is mitigated by the existence of an enzyme called telomerase doing the replication telomere. However, telomerase activity functions in embryonic cells but inactive in somatic cells, leading to a progressive shortening of chromosomal telomeres, when the size of the telomeres reach a certain minimum level, the trigger mechanisms that lead to death Cell. For this reason, the telomere shortening is associated with cellular aging. Thus, the length of telomeres represent a kind of genetic clock to determine the life span of cells.
Internationally, in 1984 was admitted by agreement, which old is a person over 65 years old with illation jubcoincidente


General features of human aging
Although the external features of aging vary from one race to another and from one person to another, you can cite some general characteristics of aging human:

• Progressive loss of visual acuity, symptoms that lead to presbyopia , myopia, cataracts, etc.
• Loss of muscle elasticity.
• Loss of agility and reflex reaction.
• degenerative bone structure: emergence of strains due to acromegaly , osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis.
• Emergence of senile dementia, Alzheimer's .
• Inability of association of ideas.
Strain
• increasing muscle tissue supporting the effect of Earth's gravity (sagging breasts in women, loss of muscle tonicidadad).
• junction loss of muscle strength and vitality. Increased
• hypertension.
• Inability immunity to infectious agents. Decreased
• collagen in the skin and absorption of proteins, the appearance of wrinkles.
• Progressive loss of sense of taste and hearing.
• Progressive loss of libido , decreased spermatogenesis in man menopause in women.